2011 Timetable changes

[awotam]

From the C-M website...
http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/trains-to-get-boost-in-numbers-during-peak-hour-traffic/story-e6freoof-1225954659818

[colinw]

Looks like the remaining runs via Tennyson are for the chop, probably to free Merivale Bridge slots for more Beenleigh, Gold Coast or Cleveland runs.

I can't see Tennyson returning to the system until some time post 2016, assuming CRR goes ahead.

Hopefully there are no other cuts.

[ozbob]

From the Courier Mail click here!

Trains to get boost in numbers during peak hour traffic

Trains to get boost in numbers during peak hour traffic

    * by Ursula Heger
    * From: The Courier-Mail
    * November 17, 2010 12:00AM

TRAINS will run every six minutes during peak-hour at some of Brisbane's busiest stations.

In the largest overhaul of the southeast's Citytrain timetable in more than a decade, waiting times will drop to as low as six minutes at nine stations on the Caboolture and Ipswich lines from early next year.

But passengers at some of the southeast's less frequented stations will lose services as trains are sent to the most congested parts of the network.

It is the first time the city will have trains running at 15-minute intervals seven days a week on parts of the network.

The plans will go to public consultation before they are introduced in the first half of 2011, with other lines expected to undergo similar timetable revamps in the second half of next year.

Under the changes, services will depart at 15 minutes intervals between Darra and the CBD even during off-peak periods, including weekends.

Passengers using stations at Darra, Indooroopilly and Milton on the Ipswich line, and Petrie, Northgate, Nundah Toombul, Wooloowin and Albion on the Caboolture line will have access to six-minute services between 7.20am and 8am.

They will then run every 12 minutes for the remainder of morning peak period and the afternoon rush-hour. Transport Minister Rachel Nolan said the new program would end the tyranny of the timetable.

"Customers will no longer need to rely as heavily on timetables as trains will arrive at regular intervals with fewer stopping patterns," she said.

But she conceded some stations would see fewer trains with services to cease between Corinda and Yeerongpilly via Tennyson.

Ms Nolan said the timetable overhaul had been made possible with the upgrade of the Corinda to Darra line, due to be completed this year.

"It will also provide access to the new station at Richlands and utilise recent upgrades to Petrie, Darra and Indooroopilly stations, will see them become major suburban hubs on the network (and) allow passengers to transfer between express and local train services," she said.

The timetable overhaul comes as Queensland Rail struggles to add services to the network because of capacity constraints in the inner-city and a single river crossing at South Brisbane.

Ms Nolan said the timetable changes would allow the network to cope with patronage growth until the as yet unfunded $8.2 billion Cross River Rail project was built.

Further changes to the busiest part of peak time on other lines could be constrained by pinch points at South Brisbane, the only river crossing for the Gold Coast, Beenleigh and Cleveland lines.

Commuter advocacy group Rail Back on Track spokesman Robert Dow said the changes were the first step to improve the current confusion with rail timetables, and alleviate problems of overcrowding.

[ozbob]

Media Release 17 November 2010

SEQ:  Timetable consultations commence

RAIL Back On Track (http://backontrack.org) a web based community support group for rail and public transport and an advocate for public transport commuters has welcomed the release of details of the first phase of the a new City train network timetable and encourages all rail commuters to engage with the consultation processes (1).

Robert Dow, Spokesman for RAIL Back On Track said:

"The present City train network timetable has become cumbersome and increasingly inflexible.  A complete revamp is needed.  The present out of peak train frequency is among the worlds worst for comparable systems and it is time to improve it."

"The sectorisation of the Ipswich and Caboolture lines with the associated rationalisation of peak express train stopping patterns, and the significant frequency boost around the clock between Darra and the CBD will encourage public transport uptake.  A fifteen minute out of peak frequency from early morning to late at night, 7 days a week is transforming."

"With progressive change of this magnitude to start to the position the rail network as the backbone of the public transport system there will be some local impacts and changes.  It is important that rail commuters do engage in the consultation so that an understanding of the real impacts and the positive benefits of the changes are understood."

"There are now  opportunities to properly feed the western line with local high frequency integrated feeder bus services, particularly into Darra and Indooroopilly, in so doing bypassing a lot of the road congestion in from the western suburbs."

"In time fifteen minute around the clock out of peak train frequency is needed on all major lines. The changes announced today are step in the right direction and we welcome them."


Reference:

1.  http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/trains-to-get-boost-in-numbers-during-peak-hour-traffic/story-e6freoof-1225954659818


Contact:

Robert Dow
Administration
admin@backontrack.org

[ozbob]

Media statement Minister for Transport

New train timetable delivers 150,000 more seats

More than 150,000 weekly seats will be added to the Ipswich and Caboolture train lines in the biggest South-East Queensland train timetable enhancement in more than a decade.

Transport Minister Rachel Nolan said customers would be asked to comment on the new timetables over the next three weeks with the services due to be delivered in the first half of 2011.

Key changes include:

   •  Services departing/arriving between six or 12 minutes intervals at suburban stations during busiest peak times.
   •  Services departing/arriving at 15 minute intervals between Darra and Brisbane CBD during off-peak periods and weekends.
   •  Ipswich line trains stopping all stations Ipswich to Darra and express between Darra and the CBD, via Indooroopilly and Milton during the busiest peak times.
   •  Richland line trains stopping all stations between Darra and the CBD
   •  Caboolture line trains stopping all station Caboolture to Petrie and express between Petrie and Northgate stations during the busiest peak times.
   •  Petrie trains stopping all stations to the CBD.
   •  An additional morning and afternoon peak service between Nambour and the CBD
   •  Trains no longer run between Corinda and Yeerongpilly, via Tennyson.

Ms Nolan said the next few weeks of consultation were an important time for rail commuters to have a good look at the proposed changes and have their say.

"The new timetable provides clear benefits - more seats, better on-time running and greater reliability.

"It also means that the train times people are used to will change and some stations will have more and some, less services.

"Queensland Rail is serious about the consultation process with information sessions planned and staff out in force on stations so I encourage people to read the information and have their say."

Under the draft timetables all customers who travel to the city in the morning, or outbound in the afternoon on the Ipswich and Caboolture lines will have trains every six-to-12 minutes during busiest times of the peak.

Significantly for those travelling between Darra on the Ipswich line and Brisbane's CBD there will be services every 15 minutes in off peak and on weekends.

There are also additional peak and off-peak services to Nambour and Rosewood providing a cost effective option for those travelling between regions.

This is a much simpler timetable with only two core peak stopping patterns on each line, replacing the 16 stopping patterns that have evolved in an ad hoc manner over the past decade.

"Of the new additional weekly seats, 40,000 have been added to the morning and afternoon peak and it means that customers will no longer need to rely as heavily on timetables as train times will arrive at regular intervals with fewer stopping patterns," Ms Nolan said.

"This is an exciting and historic change for customers made possible by the upgrade of the Corinda to Darra line, due to be completed this year and the 46 of 64 new trains we have added to the network over the past three years.

"It will also provide access to the new station at Richlands and utilise recent upgrades to Petrie, Darra and Indooroopilly stations will see them become major suburban hubs on the network, allowing passengers to transfer between express and local train services."

Ms Nolan said all customers should become familiar with the changes and speak to TransLink or Queensland Rail customer service staff to provide feedback on the changes.

Bus connections with train stations will also be updated after the timetable is finalised to ensure customers can easily transfer between modes.

Information sessions will be held later this month at community centres along the Ipswich, Caboolture, Sunshine Coast and Shorncliffe lines.

[ozbob]

Online meeting 7pm Thursday to discuss these changes.

See --> http://railbotforum.org/mbs/index.php?topic=4847.0

[ozbob]

Looks like the remaining runs via Tennyson are for the chop, probably to free Merivale Bridge slots for more Beenleigh, Gold Coast or Cleveland runs.

I can't see Tennyson returning to the system until some time post 2016, assuming CRR goes ahead.

Hopefully there are no other cuts.

There will be no rail services via Tennyson for the time being under the new timetable.  Post CRR I can see that changing significantly.  

I have been told that a revamp of the 104 rail bus is to be done to greatly improve this service.  For the small numbers of pax directly affected at Tennyson they will be better off in terms of frequency and options.  From memory there is only 3 services that are effected.  To start to drive the transformation there will be some service losses but the gains overall are significant and transforming.

[ozbob]

I understand the new draft timetables will be available on the TransLink web site shortly after 7am.

There will be 6 min frequency in core am peak from Caboolture to Ipswich. Better than 6 mins at hub stations.

[ozbob]

From the Brisbanetimes click here!

Trains every six minutes in timetable overhaul
Tony Moore
November 17, 2010 - 5:21AM

Capacity for an extra 150,000 passengers on the Ipswich and Caboolture rail lines will be introduced in 2011 after the first timetable review of those lines in 13 years.

Peak hour trains will run every six minutes from both Petrie and Darra into the central city.

From Rosewood to Darra they will run every 12 minutes in peak hour. Outside peak hours and on weekends trains will run every 15 minutes.

The changes will be announced this morning by Transport Minister Rachel Nolan, who said about 45,000 of the 150,000 extra seats would be in peak times.

She said the next three weeks would be used to receive public feedback on the changes, which would come into effect from mid-next year.

"The new timetable provides clear benefits – more seats, better on-time running and greater reliability," Ms Nolan said.

"It also means that the train times people are used to will change and some stations will have more and some, less services."

The changes were made possible by a $218 million upgrade of the line between Corinda and Darra and the ability of trains to now approach from the new Richlands station.

The Corinda to Darra rail upgrade will be completed by the end of this year, while Richlands has a completion date of early 2011.

As well, the complex combination of 16 express and limited-run train services has been simplified.

The key changes are:

   * on both the Ipswich and Caboolture lines, services will run every six or 12 minutes during peak periods;

   * trains arrive and depart every six minutes at suburban stations in peak times;

   * trains will arrive or depart every 15 minutes between Darra and the Brisbane CBD during off-peak and weekends;

   * Ipswich line trains will stop at all stations between Ipswich and Darra and then run express from Darra to the CBD, stopping only at Milton and Indooroopilly;

   * trains from Richlands station will stop at all stations from Darra to the CBD;

   * Caboolture line trains will stop at all stations from Caboolture to Petrie, and then express from Petrie to Northgate during the busiest peak times;

   * Petrie trains will stop all stations to the CBD; and

   * between Nambour and the CBD, there will be an extra morning and afternoon peak hour train.

Queensland Rail has added 46 new trains to the rail fleet in the past three years.

Ms Nolan said the aim was to use recently upgraded stations as hubs for rail commuters.

"It will also provide access to the new station at Richlands and utilise recent upgrades to Petrie, Darra and Indooroopilly stations will see them become major suburban hubs on the network, allowing passengers to transfer between express and local train services," she said.

Bus connections will be updated once public comments to the train services are announced. Reviews to the Beenleigh and Cleveland lines will follow next year.

[Emmie]

    * Ipswich line trains will stop at all stations between Ipswich and Darra and then run express from Darra to the CBD, stopping only at Milton and Indooroopilly;

My first thought was - why not stop at Toowong as well?  I assume the idea is that UQ students get off at Indooroopilly to bus the rest of the way. But buses along this route are slower and subject to congestion, especially during school pickup and drop off, so I think this is a mistake, especially now the 412 BUZ is working much more effectively.

[ozbob]

The non inclusion of Toowong as a stopping station for the express pattern is the major contentious issue I think Emmie.

There might be just enough fat to include it.  Consultation feedback on this will be important.

[johnnigh]

Wait until we see the draft timetables and then we'll see if 'running express' means 'running express to Roma St, stopping only at Corinda, Indooroopilly, Toowong and Milton' or any combination thereof.  

[ozbob]

Express pattern western line is Darra, Indooroopilly, Milton, Roma St.

Northern line express pattern ex CAB is Petrie to Northgate express.

[ozbob]

Advertisement in the Queensland Times 17th November 2010 page 10

[ozbob]

Minister for Transport
The Honourable Rachel Nolan
17/11/2010

New train timetable delivers 150,000 more seats

More than 150,000 weekly seats will be added to the Ipswich and Caboolture train lines in the biggest South-East Queensland train timetable enhancement in more than a decade.

Transport Minister Rachel Nolan said customers would be asked to comment on the new timetables over the next three weeks with the services due to be delivered in the first half of 2011.

Key changes include:

Services departing/arriving between six or 12 minutes intervals at suburban stations during busiest peak times.

Services departing/arriving at 15 minute intervals between Darra and Brisbane CBD during off-peak periods and weekends.

Ipswich line trains stopping all stations Ipswich to Darra and express between Darra and the CBD, via Indooroopilly and Milton during the busiest peak times.

Richland line trains stopping all stations between Darra and the CBD

Caboolture line trains stopping all station Caboolture to Petrie and express between Petrie and Northgate stations during the busiest peak times.

Petrie trains stopping all stations to the CBD.

An additional morning and afternoon peak service between Nambour and the CBD

Trains no longer run between Corinda and Yeerongpilly, via Tennyson.

Ms Nolan said the next few weeks of consultation were an important time for rail commuters to have a good look at the proposed changes and have their say.

"The new timetable provides clear benefits - more seats, better on-time running and greater reliability.

"It also means that the train times people are used to will change and some stations will have more and some, less services.

"Queensland Rail is serious about the consultation process with information sessions planned and staff out in force on stations so I encourage people to read the information and have their say."

Under the draft timetables all customers who travel to the city in the morning, or outbound in the afternoon on the Ipswich and Caboolture lines will have trains every six-to-12 minutes during busiest times of the peak.

Significantly for those travelling between Darra on the Ipswich line and Brisbane's CBD there will be services every 15 minutes in off peak and on weekends.

There are also additional peak and off-peak services to Nambour and Rosewood providing a cost effective option for those travelling between regions.

This is a much simpler timetable with only two core peak stopping patterns on each line, replacing the 16 stopping patterns that have evolved in an ad hoc manner over the past decade.

"Of the new additional weekly seats, 40,000 have been added to the morning and afternoon peak and it means that customers will no longer need to rely as heavily on timetables as trains will arrive at regular intervals with fewer stopping patterns," Ms Nolan said.

"This is an exciting and historic change for customers made possible by the upgrade of the Corinda to Darra line, due to be completed this year and the 46 of 64 new trains we have added to the network over the past three years.

"It will also provide access to the new station at Richlands and utilise recent upgrades to Petrie, Darra and Indooroopilly stations will see them become major suburban hubs on the network, allowing passengers to transfer between express and local train services."

Ms Nolan said all customers should become familiar with the changes and speak to TransLink or Queensland Rail customer service staff to provide feedback on the changes.

Bus connections with train stations will also be updated after the timetable is finalised to ensure customers can easily transfer between modes.

Information sessions will be held later this month at community centres along the Ipswich, Caboolture, Sunshine Coast and Shorncliffe lines.

For timetable and information session details, visit www.translink.com.au or call 13 12 30.

==============================================================

[Jonno]

Let's just make sure they also provide peak services to Ipswich and Caboolture as these are now their own employment centers. 

[#Metro]

  Marvelous

[#Metro]

Don't forget to upgrade the feeder bus services! Meet every train! Or at least every 7.5 minutes!!!

[ozbob]

Sally Stannard TransLink Director Strategy and Planning   just had an interview on 612 ABC Brisbane Breakfast.

Hopefully will be up on the 612 Breakfast blog later today.

[ozbob]

Click here --> Queensland Rail timetable changes

http://www.translink.com.au/travel-information/service-updates/queensland-rail-timetable-changes

South East Queensland's population is growing and Queensland Rail is growing with it. New services, new trains and new stations are being delivered to give customers the public transport system they need.

Planning is well underway for a new and improved train timetable and now it's time for you to have your say.

The new timetable will offer customers improved consistency and improved reliability of services delivering:

   * improved comfort with more available seating
   * a simplified and easier to understand timetable.

The timetable will be delivered in two stages.

Stage one of the new timetable, planned for early 2011, will add more than 150,000 weekly seats on the Ipswich, Rosewood, Richlands (new line), Caboolture and Sunshine Coast lines. The departure times for some services on the Shorncliffe line will also change.

Stage two of the timetable, planned for late 2011, will improve services on all other lines. Find out more about the stage one timetable changes.

   * Ipswich-Rosewood line
   * Caboolture-Sunshine Coast line
   * Shorncliffe line

Community information sessions

During November and December, Queensland Rail and TransLink staff will be available at community information sessions to discuss the draft timetables for the Ipswich, Rosewood, Caboolture and Sunshine Coast lines, and answer any questions you have.

Date    Time    Venue

Saturday 20 November    10am to 12pm    Caboolture Neighbourhood Centre, 9 George Street, Caboolture
Tuesday 23 November    5pm to 7pm    Ipswich RSL, 5A Lowry Street, North Ipswich
Thursday 25 November    5pm to 7pm    Sandgate Bowls and Community Centre, Keogh Street, Sandgate
Saturday 27 November    10am to 12pm    Darra State School Hall, Winslow Street, Darra
Tuesday 30 November    5pm to 7pm    Petrie School of Arts Main Hall, Anzac Avenue, Petrie
Thursday 2 December    5pm to 7pm    Sherwood-Indooroopilly RSL, 2 Clewley Street, Corinda
Saturday 4 December    10am to 12pm    Nambour Community Centre, Cnr of Shearer and James Streets, Nambour

[O_128]

Sigh peak hours all well and good but what about the huge 30 min gap for people living past darra and northgate, this just isnt good enough

[ozbob]

Yes,  simply isn't the resources - crew or trains to do the whole lot at once.  These changes are coming.

[ozbob]

Draft Ipswich/Rosewood line timetable (PDF, 175KB).

Draft Sunshine Coast line timetable (PDF, 140KB).

Draft Caboolture line timetable (PDF, 145KB).


Very happy about this ..

Gympie North to Yandina

   * The morning peak service will depart Gympie North four minutes earlier at 5.56am:
         o the service will stop all stations to Caboolture, before operating express from Caboolture to Bowen Hills, arriving at Central station at 8.44am.
   * The afternoon peak service will depart Roma Street five minutes later at 5.45pm:
         o the service will operate express from Bowen Hills to Caboolture, before continuing all stations through to Gympie North.

   * Off-peak services:
         o a daytime service to Gympie North will be introduced, departing Central at 9:30am and arriving at Gympie North at 12.39pm. This service will replace the existing daytime Brisbane to Cooroy service

         o a daytime service from Gympie North will be introduced, departing Gympie North at 1.20pm and arriving at 4.17pm. This service will replace the existing daytime Cooroy to Brisbane service.

   * Weekend services:
         o weekend services will be maintained with some changes to departure times
         o inbound services will depart Gympie North for Central station at 5.50am and 8.47pm on Saturdays and 3.50pm on Sundays
         o outbound services will depart Central station for Gympie North at 5:37pm on Saturdays and 12.17pm and 5.37pm on Sundays.
   * Connections will be available between Gympie North services and Caboolture all stations services at Caboolture.

Small steps, but in the right direction ..

[ozbob]

Shorncliffe

http://www.translink.com.au/travel-information/service-updates/queensland-rail-timetable-changes/shorncliffe-line

The current level of service has been maintained on the Shorncliffe line.

Passengers travelling between Northgate and Bowen Hills stations should reconfirm departure platforms before travelling..

Minor time adjustments have been made to weekday services:

    * Inbound weekday off-peak services will now terminate at Roma Street (previously Corinda) or continue onto another destination, such as Varsity Lakes or Cleveland etc.
    * Outbound services will generally start at Roma Street station.

Weekend services will continue to start and finish at either Roma Street, South Brisbane or South Bank station.

Passengers who currently travel between any stations on the Shorncliffe line to Corinda, Darra or Ipswich will need to change trains at Central.

Improvements to the Shorncliffe line timetable can be expected in stage two of the timetable improvements.

[#Metro]

Yes. Understandable. But I can also understand O_128's view:

From the website:

Richlands

Off-peak and weekend passengers will benefit from trains operating every 30 minutes, stopping all stations.

So a BUZ 100 might not be so bad after all.

Ipswich to Wacol

Off-peak and weekend service will continue to operate every 30 minutes, stopping at all stations.

The Rosewood service seems to have many operating patterns. Why is this?
Is it not possible to make the Rosewood trains simply run through?

[ozbob]

Richlands

http://www.translink.com.au/travel-information/service-updates/queensland-rail-timetable-changes/ipswich-and-rosewood-line

Richlands

The new Richlands line will be opening in 2011. Trains will travel to and from the city via Darra station.

    * 12 morning peak and 13 afternoon peak services will stop all stations between Richlands and Central stations.
    * Trains will depart Richlands station every 12 minutes between 7am and 8am.
    * Trains will depart Central for Richlands every 12 minutes between 4.30pm and 5.30pm.
    * Off-peak and weekend passengers will benefit from trains operating every 30 minutes, stopping all stations.

[ozbob]

So a BUZ 100 might not be so bad after all.

Yes, needed to see what was going to happen.  I think there will be more feeding into Darra as well.

[#Metro]

I predict that everyone on every other line will put in feedback complaining that their line does not have improvements!  

[#Metro]

There is a train every 3.75 minutes at Darra Station between 7:00 and 7:59 am.
There you go. 

[ozbob]

I predict that everyone on every other line will put in feedback complaining that their line does not have improvements!  

Sure will, but it has to be stepped.  Takes time to train and retain the necessary crew and actually properly position the fleet.  

BUT we are underway at last.

Personally, for that I am very grateful.  Just have to bite the bullet and push on.

[#Metro]

There are still hour gaps in the timetable on weekend mornings. And still the practice of treating Saturday different from Sunday. Services must be consistent across the board... Sunday labour is more expensive I would think, but once a commuting habit is instilled, people will use those services at all times of the day, which should offset that.

[STB]

I'm a little perplexed by this.  I thought it'd be a higher frequency during off peak, but it's exactly the same as it is now.

[ozbob]

There is a train every 3.75 minutes at Darra Station between 7:00 and 7:59 am.
There you go. 

Darra is my very favourite railway station ... LOL, despite the lack of water fountains on platforms one, two and three.  The frequency of trains is reasonable compensation ...

[O_128]

So we waste millions of dollarrs for a train every 30 min on the richlands spur, pathetic

[ozbob]

I'm a little perplexed by this.  I thought it'd be a higher frequency during off peak, but it's exactly the same as it is now.

Between Darra and CBD it is every 15 minutes out of peak essentially.  This is a major major gain.  

Stations like Oxley and Indooroopilly now have  a constant 15 minute frequency.  Indooroopilly did before but only during weekday off peak.

Oxley will boom, as will Darra.

Read the information.  This is only first step.

[STB]

I guess I'm going with a thought that it would've been Cab-Ips (every 30mins), Pet-Richlands (Every 30mins) allowing a 15min frequency between Darra and Petrie railway stations while the Shorncliffe line is separated from the Caboolture/Ipswich corridor completely, ie: moving those services to Roma St/Southbank.

[ozbob]

So we waste millions of dollarrs for a train every 30 min on the richlands spur, pathetic

Richlands will be stepped up when Springfield opens.  Already flagged as 8 tph peak, 4 tph off peak.

Depending how it goes, it might be stepped up sooner.  There are some real limitations at the moment with crew and trains.  Long periods of neglect take time to turn around.

[ozbob]

I guess I'm going with a thought that it would've been Cab-Ips (every 30mins), Pet-Richlands (Every 30mins) allowing a 15min frequency between Darra and Petrie railway stations while the Shorncliffe line is separated from the Caboolture/Ipswich corridor completely, ie: moving those services to Roma St/Southbank.

That will come STB I am certain.

[Cam]

I commend the use of express services only to/from Ipswich during peak periods i.e. no all stations to/from Ipswich.

However, the peak "cost" period starts at 3.30pm but the express services on the Ipswich line don't start until 4.16pm ex Central. I don't think that it is fair that Translink charges a peak rate but doesn't provide the service between 3.30pm & 4.16 ex Central.

I'm hoping that Redbank all stations services are introduced soon in the off peak to allow the Ipswich services to run express round the clock 7 days a week whilst maintaining the 15 minute frequency between Darra & Brisbane.

There is a considerable drop in afternoon services between 4pm & 6pm to Redbank & Goodna. The number of Redbank services drops from 15 to 10. 

Ipswich services arrive in Brisbane every 6 minutes between about 7.30am & 8am. However, only depart Brisbane every 12 minutes between 5pm & 5.30pm. I don't envy those trying to get on the 5.04pm & 5.16pm ex Central at Roma St or Milton. 

[ozbob]

Yes there is a reduction in total number of services for some, but that won't always be the case. Eventually you will have Ipswich all stations Redbank, express to town with Darra, Indooroo only I predict. Redbank will be all stations to Darra and then express. 

The changed patterns for 2011 will alter the loadings significantly during the pm peaks.  Also the new timetable is such that additional services can be easily added.

I predict there will actually be a broader peak load spreading as well.